Elementary Grades Math Curriculum, lessons

Elementary Math Curriculum

An elementary math curriculum for supplementary or home school should teach much more than the "how to" of simple arithmetic. A good math curriculum should have elementary math activities that build a solid foundation which is both deep and broad, conceptual and "how to".

What is a quality Elementary Math Curriculum?

A quality math curriculum contains a wide range of elementary math activities, which cover more than just arithmetic, math facts, and operations. An elementary math curriculum should teach these five math strands.*

Number Sense and Operations - Knowing how to represent numbers, recognizing 'how many' are in a group, and using numbers to compare and represent paves the way for grasping number theory, place value and the meaning of operations and how they relate to one another.
Algebra - The ability to sort and order objects or numbers and recognizing and building on simple patterns are examples of ways children begin to experience algebra. This elementary math concept sets the groundwork for working with algebraic variables as a child's math experience grows.
Geometry and Spatial Sense - Children build on their knowledge of basic shapes to identify more complex 2-D and 3-D shapes by drawing and sorting. They then learn to reason spatially, read maps, visualize objects in space, and use geometric modeling to solve problems. Eventually children will be able to use coordinate geometry to specify locations, give directions and describe spatial relationships.
Measurement - Learning how to measure and compare involves concepts of length, weight, temperature, capacity and money. Telling the time and using money links to an understanding of the number system and represents an important life skill.
Data Analysis and Probability - As children collect information about the world around them, they will find it useful to display and represent their knowledge. Using charts, tables, graphs will help them learn to share and organize data.

Elementary math curriculums that cover just one or two of these five math strands are narrow and lead to a weak understanding of math. Help your child build a strong, broad math foundation. Learn more about Time4Learning's elementary math curriculum.

Math Facts - Where do they fit in building a math foundation?
Learn Math, Math Skills, & Build a Math Foundation Online
PreSchool Math
Kindergarten Math
Elementary Math
First Grade Math
Second Grade Math

Third Grade Math

Fourth Grade Math

Fifth Grade Math

Sixth Grade Math
Seventh Grade Math Curriculu

Eighth Grade Math

Fraction Lessons

Learning to read

Learning to read is an exciting time for children and their families. For many parents, helping their child learning to read establishes a pattern for their involvement in their child's academic education. Here are a few important hints:

Be Involved and Patient

Learning to read is the culmination of a great many learned skills and developmental processes. Learning to read is a long-term program. At times, there is no visible progress. At other times, they make dramatic daily progress. In all cases, show patience, confidence, and be encouraging. Keep the focus on the progress they've made and how proud you are, avoid accidentally over-focusing on the skills that they have not yet learned.

Learn about learning to read

There are many great books and websites on learning to read. While you don't need to know all the latest theories about learning to read, there are some basics which you should understand. My favorite sources are SEDL or Todays Learners Reading Articles. The Time4Learning free newsletter provides useful and digestible insights into how children learn to read and how parents can help teach them. It also points to the best websites, articles, resources, and books for more info on a specific steps or issues in learning to read.

Learning to Read has a sequence

Just as children start with T-ball before playing baseball, there are specific steps in learning to read. Trying to teach the steps out of sequence can inadvertently frustrate your child (and you).
For instance, prior to successfully learning phonics, the child should master a set of pre-reading skills including understanding basic print concepts, discerning the sounds, understanding that words are made up of sounds which they need to think about as interchangeable parts (ie phonemic awareness), and memorizing the alphabet.

To help parents understand the steps in learning to read, look at The Reading Skills Pyramid . And while most children do follow this sequence, be aware that each child is different and that there are a great number of variations. Three common errors to avoid are:

1. Starting with phonics. There are vital reading readiness skills to develop prior to children being ready to succeed with phonics.
2. Overlooking how much work and technique goes into developing reading comprehension skills. Reading comprehension is a learned skill, not a "natural" one.
3. Noticing a problem and not getting to the real root of the issue. For instance, many apparent weaknesses in comprehension are due to a child struggling with word decoding. Many problems in learning to read have to do with visual perception issues.

Learning to Read is Multimodal

Learning to read is easiest if you involve all the children's learning styles and modalities. They should see the words on wall posters and have learning toys. As they learn the letters, have letters to play with (I had some big 6 inch plastic ones for my kids), drawing books with letters, playing letter games with them on the computer, and of course, seeing the letters in books. Each of these different activities helps develop prereading skills using a different learning modality.

Online Learning - Time4Learning is an Effective Fun Service

The Time4Learning language arts program can serve as a core or supplementary curriculum for children learning to read. Learn about how Time4Learning's online reading program can help your children's education. Time4Learning is built around the award-winning CompassLearning Odyssey for home use and includes math, science, and social studies.

By John Edelson, Founder - Time4Learning - Online Interactive Homeschool Curricula

Online Typing Tutors

In todays schools, typing skills have in a sense replaced handwriting as a foundation skill. And typing tutors are one of the domains in which teaching software is a more excellent typing tutor than most teachers. While there is no real Mavis Beacon, the excellence of the Mavis Beacon typing tutor has literally taught millions a basic skill.

Homeschooling Curriculum - Different Children, Different Learning Styles, Different Seasons!

Homeschooling Curriculum - Different Children, Different Learning Styles, Different Seasons!

One of our goals in homeschooling was to get away from rigid systems and constraining schedules. But all the same, most homeschoolers find that some organization - a curriculum and a daily schedule for following it - is necessary for effective homeschooling. This doesn't mean that the homeschool curriculum or schedule gets followed to the minute or religiously.

In fact, the selection of a curriculum and a schedule might be the epitome of a rule that is being made to be broken. But having a curriculum and schedule are the right starting points. The challenge is that most parents find that picking curriculum is not a one-time event, it's an ongoing process....

The Challenges of Selecting a Homeschool Curriculum

The first challenge in selecting the curriculum for a starting point is finding one that meets the needs of each child. Many families find that what fits one child, may not fit another.

The second challenge you will encounter is that each child has different needs: many children have different needs in different subjects. A child might find one curriculum works great for them in language arts but doesn't serve them at all well in math.

And it gets worse still as you will probably also find that what worked well one semester, may feel stale and stop working the next.

What most families discover is that their children's educational needs cannot be met by a single program or medium. In addition to the basic language arts and math skills, young children need (just to name a few) writing and drawing to develop fine motor skills, playtime with manipulatives, art activities with arts and craft, and speech development. While some parents manage this need for a broad approach well, other parents seem less adept at understanding and responding to their children's diverse needs and cycles as they move pass elementary and middle school.

Children have different learning styles. And while this is well understood, its more subtle for parents to recognize that the same child's needs might be different in language arts than in math. One curriculum might be great for them in one subject but be ineffective in another.

Guidelines in Picking a Homeschool Schedule or Curriculum

Most homeschool families start by structuring their days around a predictable schedule of diverse activities. By shifting from computer-based lessons to discussion, or from paper and pencil exercises to art projects, children stay engaged and benefit from different teaching methods. Variety helps keep children motivated and attentive throughout the day. Homeschool families greatly differ on whether the schedule should be primarily driven by their children's individual natures (arguably, more of an unschooling approach), whether the schedule should be followed strictly, or whether the schedule is the proverbial set of "rules that were made to be broken".

Time4Learning.com has witnessed this trend and these variations through its homeschooling members. We find the following to be useful rules for success.

1. Build diversity into the daily and weekly schedule. As one mom put, "My kids love me and like listening to me....for limited amounts of time. They do NOT want to listen to my voice for hours and hours each day". This same is true for worksheets, textbooks, group exercises, and computer time. Children like to switch from one activity to another. Plan for each day to involve a broad range of types of exercises.

2. Expect each approach to learning to go through a life-cycle. Each new approach should feel exciting and challenging. After a few months, it feels comfortable and eventually, it will feel old and stale. While this does not mean that you should necessarily change and churn constantly, it does mean that you can get a lift by integrating new programs. You can also put away an approach for a few months and then bring it out again later when it'll feel new again. Planning these changes in advance often helps children get the most out of a program. For instance. Time4Learning has families that use us only in the fall and spring but not in the winter or summer. Remember, as much your kids might like playing soccer in the fall, at the end of the season they happily hang up their cleats and shift to basketball with new enthusiasm.

3. Avoid Expensive Comprehensive Inflexible Curriculum - It seems that alot of homeschool parents pull their children from school and then sign up for an expensive system for homeschooling. Over the first month (the trial period), its an exciting time as the parents and children experience their new-found freedom. Then, around month three, the curriculum's shortcomings or inappropriateness or just over-use becomes apparent and the curriculum falls into disuse. There are used curriculums to start with and vendors should offer low cost cancel-at any time solutions. For instance, Time4Learning at $19.95/month, cancel anytime, allows parents to use it for a semester. Stop for a semester. Then start again.

4. Follow a well thought-out curriculum. Teaching most skills has a sequence. For instance, without the prereading skills in place, children will not succeed at phonics. Specifically, if a child does not understand that words are made out of sounds which are like interchangable parts so that changing the "C" sound in "CAT" to an "H" sound makes "HAT", the teaching of phonics will make no sense to them. The Reading Skills Pyramid is a good illustration to parents of how skills should be sequenced. A common mistake with parents in teaching math is taking too narrow an approach. Parents frequently think of a math education being just arithmetic as in learning the numbers and operations (addition, subtraction etc). A solid math education needs to cover all the math areas from the earliest age. Spatial reasoning is vital so children need geometry from an early age. Pre-algebra skills were at the heart of the New Math revolution of the 60s for good reasons. Children need to be able to reason by thinking in terms of sets and variables. This is the rationale behind the pattern games (red fish, blue fish, red fish, now what?) and the sets ("Which of these objects does not belong?"). Estimation, measurement, and data analysis. pitch that we cover all strands in a fun way.

Example of a Homeschool Schedule

There is no single, best homeschool curriculum. Parents should focus both on selecting a curriculum and on creating a diversity of activities. Children need a mix and match of activities to hold their attention, especially at the younger ages. Each learning style and method should be applied to exercises, making sure that a child isn't forced to sit through a particular activity for more than an hour. For instance, a morning schedule (for an eight year old) might include:

8-8:30	Opening & Plan for Day (Group Discussion)
8:30-9:00	Online Math Lessons & Learning Games (Self/Computer Work)
9:15-9:45	Writing Worksheets (Self Writing Exercises)
10-10:30	Reading & Comprehension (Self Reading/Group Discussion) Break
11:00-11:45	Online Language Arts (Self/Computer Work)

This homeschool schedule offers a diversity of activities shifting from group to computer, from paper and pencil to reading, from discussion to computer. Any one homeschool activity will not hold a child's attention that long, but through diversity, the child's day is planned to keep them engaged in the homeschool curricula that's being presented

By John Edelson, Founder -

Time4Learning - Online Interactive Homeschool Curricula

The Time4Learning language
arts, math, science, and social studies program can serve as the core or supplementary curriculum for children, Preschool to eighth grade.. Learn more about how Time4Learning's online program can help
your children's education. Time4Learning is built around adopting the award-winning CompassLearning Odyssey for home use.